Active Transport involves the movement of molecules such as solutes from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against concentration gradient using ATP. The transport of solutes across membrane is mediated by carriers called pumps. All the groups of ATP powered pumps contain one or more binding sites for the ATP, which are present on the cytosolic face of the membrane. Uptake of minerals or ions into the root hair cells of the plants from the soil is an example of active transport.
A specialized cell has a unique and important structure to perform a special job e.g. root hair cell has a long protrusion for more absorption of water and minerals (like magnesium and nitrate ions).
