(Hint: Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.)
In Veronia School District v. Acton (1995), the Supreme Court held that random drug tests of student athletes do not violate the Fourth Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures. Some schools then began to require drug tests of all students in extracurricular activities. The Supreme Court in Earls upheld this practice.
Answer:
The West African Examinations Council (WAEC)
Explanation:
The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) says it is set to introduce a device that will henceforth check collusion during its examinations across the country.
The council’s Head, Media and Information, Mr classic said this in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) on Wednesday in Lagos.
He said that during the 2020/2021 examination, it was discovered that collusion was gradually replacing other previous forms of malpractices recorded by the council including impersonation.
“We are planning to introduce software called Item Differential Programme. This device is one that would assist in detecting collusion in any given examination.
“The introduction of the device is based on the high level of collusion that we discovered during the 2014/2015 examination.
“The device will be able to detect if candidates have jointly answered a particular multiple choice question, which we refer to as “item”.
“For instance, if out of 100 candidates, 80 per cent of them go for a particular item which might be wrong as their answer, the device will immediately flag such item and aggregate the candidates,” he explained.
Ojijeogu noted that the device, if approved by council, might be introduced at its 2020 November/December diet of the West Africa Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) for private candidates
Answer:
Corporations were not initially held criminally responsible for corporate activities. A corporation is considered to be a legally fictitious entity, incapable of forming the means rea necessary to commit a criminal act. Initially, corporations have not been accused of corporate responsibility. A corporation is classified as legally fictional, unable to provide the means for committing a crime. In 1909, the Supreme Court rejected this proposal. A corporate who is held criminally liable for it’s employees criminal conduct may suffer financially and criminally. A corporation can be held liable for the criminal acts of it’s employees as long as the employees are acting within the scope of employment and their conduct benefits the corporation. A corporation cannot be imprisoned or punished like individuals.
Explanation:
I'm not sure if this helps but it is the best i can do
