Answer:
"trading fortress."
Explanation:
Trade can be defined as a process which typically involves the buying and selling of goods and services between a producer and the customers (consumers) at a specific period of time.
Firms outside of trading areas run the risk of being shut out of the single market by the creation of a "trade fortress." A trade fortress serves as a barrier for the exchange of goods and services.
Free trade policy includes the adoption and implementation of tariffs and quotas between countries.
Trade policies tariffs and quotas will most likely benefit domestic producers of the protected good and harm domestic consumers of the protected good as they're made to pay for the consumption of imported products. Hence, under free trade there are more societal benefits due to the specialization of domestic goods.
Tariffs can reduce both the volume of exports and imports in a country.
Answer: Sunk Cost
Explanation:
A sunk cost is an expense which a company or entity has already incurred and which cannot be recovered and so should not be considered when making decisions regarding incremental benefits or costs to an investment.
The $48 had already been incurred to produce the defective units and cannot be recovered so it is a sunk cost that should not be considered moving forward.
Free riders are those who gain from a thing without contributing to its manufacturing expenses.
<h3>When the creation of a thing incurs external expenses, the?</h3>
- An external cost occurs when the production or use of a goods or service imposes a cost (negative effect) on a third party.
- If a good has external costs connected with it (negative externalities), the social costs will be larger than the private cost.
- Market failure may occur in the presence of external expenses. This is because the free market frequently ignores the existence of external expenses.
- The cost to a third party of consuming/producing one more unit is known as the external marginal cost (XMC).
learn more about external costs refer:
brainly.com/question/14203073
#SPJ4
Answer:
long run, productive resources
