Answer:
İnönü formed the first coalition government in the history of Turkey with AP. AP claimed to be the successor of the Democrat Party (DP), which had been banned by the leaders of the 1960 coup
This is an example of irony.
It's not parody since the action isn't being dramaticized or made ridiculous, nor is it foreshadowing since there's it's not really suggesting that this later incident will happen. It's also not a metaphor since it's not different things being compared or likened to one another.
Factory positions
Because the industrial revolution was about focusing on new machines and creations, so factory positions were created to help in the factory
Many state constitutions expanded suffrage, which is the right to vote in political elections.
Answer: Claim
This is an example of a "claim." A claim is an assertion that states that something is the case, or that something is a fact. It is typically provided regarding a situation that is in dispute. In this case, most people would argue that time will help us reach the solution to our problems. The speaker is disputing this assumption, by saying that the solution is in our hands.