Answer:
Genetic engineering is deliberate modification of genome to gain desired traits.
The main steps of genetic engineering:
Restriction enzymes are used to isolate the required gene leaving it with sticky ends. Sticky ends are a short section of unpaired bases A vector, which is usually a bacterial plasmid or a virus, is cut by the same restriction enzyme leaving it with corresponding sticky ends. The vector and the isolated gene are joined together by ligase enzyme. The vector inserts the gene into required cells. The genes are transferred to animal, plant or microorganism cells, during early development, which allows them to develop with the desired characteristics.
<u>Answer:</u>
A: Less nitrogen and more phosphorus is required.
Fertilizer requirements changes in the above manner when a crop leaves the vegetative stage and enters the flowering stage.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The vegetative stage is the one when plant starts growing after germination. Plant develops foliage and flourishes. The process of photosynthesis is carried out, and collect different types of resources like CO2, nutrients, and lighting. These are needed during reproduction and flowering. Plants are more delicate at this stage than in the flowering stage.
The final phase of the plant growth is the reproductive stage or the flowering stage. The focus is the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds at this stage. Nitrogen is not at all required at this stage and plant needs other nutrients like Potassium and phosphorus at this stage.
Answer: Telomeres, Helicases, Okazaki, DNA polymerase, Topoisomerase
Explanation:
1. Telomeres these are set of repetitive nucleotide sequence found at the end of a linear chromosomes they help preventing the DNA chromosome frrom sticking to other DNA chromosomes.
2. Helicases are proteins that uses energy (ATP) to unwind DNA strands during replication.
3. Okazaki fragments the small DNA nucleotide sequence synthesized separately on the lagging strand.
4. DNA polymerase are enzymes that catalyzes the addition of deoxyribonucleotides to DNA during replication.
5. Topoisomerase are enzymes that prevent single stranded DNA from supercoil, rumple and winding back during replication.
Albinism is a recessive trait characterized by an absence of pigment melanin responsible for skin and hair color. Actually, albinism is caused by a defect in gene for enzyme which synthesizes melanin. The central dogma of molecular biology explains that the sequence of DNA specifies the sequence of mRNA, which, further, specifies codes for the sequence of proteins. Since a gene is a segment of DNA, altered gene will cause altered mRNA which will cause altered protein. Thus, <span>defect in gene for enzyme which synthesizes melanin will cause the absence of melanin and consequently, albinism.</span>
