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AnnZ [28]
3 years ago
10

What were the arguments of the iconoclasm controversy?

History
1 answer:
hammer [34]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

“Iconoclasm” refers to the destruction of images or hostility toward visual representations in general. More specifically, the word is used for the Iconoclastic Controversy that shook the Byzantine Empire for more than 100 years. Open hostility toward religious representations began in 726 when Emperor Leo III publicly took a position against icons; this resulted in their removal from churches and their destruction.

<u>Arguments for the use of icons</u>:

-  It was clear that this prohibition was not absolute since God also instructs how to make three dimensional representations of the Cherubim  for the Ark of the Covenant, which is also quoted in the Old Testament, just a couple of chapters after the passage that prohibits images.

- Images of Christ do not depict natures, being either Divine or human, but a concrete person—Jesus Christ, the incarnate Son of God.

- The Seventh Ecumenical Council of bishops met in Nicaea. This council affirmed the view of the iconophiles, ordering all right-believing Christians to respect holy icons, prohibiting at the same time their adoration as idolatry.

<u>Arguments against the use of icons</u>:

- Attempt to restrain the growing wealth and power of the monasteries.

- Prohibition was primarily religious.

- Some historians believe that by prohibiting icons, the Emperor sought to integrate Muslim and Jewish populations.

- Iconoclast arguments were simply confused.

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Which document greatly limited the power of the monarch?
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The Magna Carta
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Ida Tarbell's article, "The History of the Standard Oil Company" was an example of which of the following?
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Originally serialized in nineteen parts in McClure's magazine, the book is a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts, large businesses that (in the absence of strong antitrust laws in the 19th century) attempted to gain monopolies in various industries.

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3 years ago
Does Jim Crow exist today? Why or why not
olga_2 [115]

Answer:

Yes, sadly.

Explanation:

There are about seven factors contributing to racism in the US today.  The first three factors are:

1. categories, which organize people into distinct groups;

2. factions, which trigger ingroup loyalty and intergroup competition; and

3. segregation, which hardens racist perceptions, preferences and beliefs.

Simply put, the US systematically constructs racial categories, places people inside of those categories, and segregates people on the basis of those categories.  For example, there is a considerable body of research showing that people, adults and children alike, tend to feel and act more positively toward those they consider to be like them and in their “ingroup.” This means that they are likely to treat people from outside of their social circles less favorably.

The remaining four factors the researchers argue contribute to American racism include:

4. hierarchy, which emboldens people to think, feel, and behave in racist ways;

5. power, which legislates racism on both micro and macro levels;

6. media, which legitimizes overrepresented and idealized representations of white Americans while marginalizing and minimizing people of color; and

7. passivism, such that overlooking or denying the existence of racism encourages others to do the same.

In short, they argue that the US positions and empowers some over others, reinforces those differences through biased media, and then leaves those disparities and media in place.  Of the seven factors identified, perhaps the most insidious is passivism or passive racism. This includes an apathy toward systems of racial advantage or denial that those systems even exist.

5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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