Growth hormone and insulin are protein hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes (liver cells) through the a
ctivation of intracellular signaling pathways. Researchers investigated whether the two hormones trigger the same or different intracellular signaling pathways in hepatocytes. The researchers added either growth hormone or insulin to parallel cultures of hepatocytes. At several time points after the hormone addition, they purified total intracellular protein from the cells and quantified the level of the phosphorylated forms of two proteins involved in two different signaling pathways (Figure 1, A and B) (d) The researchers claim that the similar regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
by hepatocytes when the cells are treated with growth hormone or insulin results from the activation of different signaling pathways. Use the data from the researchers’ experiment to support their claim.
The data from the experiment support the claim that the similar regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes occurs when the cells are treated with growth hormone or insulin results from the activation of different signaling pathways
Explanation:
If we take a look on the graph, it shows increase in the phosphorylated protein when the growth hormone or insulin is applied to the cells with the passage of time. At 15 minutes , it reaches to its highest level but after 15 minutes of addition of growth hormone and insulin, the level of phosphorylated protein decrease when the time exceeds from 15 minutes to 240 minutes. So it is concluded that growth hormones or insulin increase the level of phosphorylated protein.
This would directly affect the epidermis because blisters will develop within the surface of the skin. Having blisters on the epidermis will decrease the function of the skin to be an effective barrier to disease. This is because blisters are open wounds that are prone to infection. As infection passes through these openings, it will affect the dermis and the other layers of the skin. Bullae is actually an auto-immune skin disease.