Harlem is a large neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is also known under the name of <em>Black Mecca</em>. It is a major African American residential, cultural and businesses centre.
It was originally settled by the Dutch in 1658 and remained undeveloped territory for almost 200 years. It is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands.
As New York's population grew, Harlem developed. Big urban progress was noted around 1880 when elevated railway lines were extended in that direction and many apartments buildings erected. Due to some unrealistic expectation many housing estates remained vacant and a major part of New York's black population were relocated there.
During 1920's, Harlem flourished with artistic and cultural expression and this period earned Harlem the distinction of <em>' Harlem Renaissance</em>'. Many artists wanted to show the black culture and its achievements to the world. They were proud of their African heritage. This outpouring of artistic work was unprecedented in the American -black community.
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The Red Scare was hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, which intensified in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
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B. Residents began to understand that the next stop was the death camps
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As the war went on and it became clear to the Germans they were losing they became increasingly severe.
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President Dwight Eisenhower supported CIA covert operations and highly regarded the value of intelligence information. In his years, major technological developments such as the U-2 spy aircraft and CORONA satellites, both developed during the Eisenhower administration, allowed the CIA get much new information that was impossible to gather before. His government also supported covert operations to overthrow governments that the administration didn´t like or suspected to be communist. This is the case of the CIA-orchestrated coup against the nationalist government of Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954, who had become a target because of his treatment of abusive US corporations that exploited Guatemalan peasants.
In the Eisenhower years, there were also secret CIA operations in Indonesia to prevent a Communist takeover and in Iran, where the CIA organized a coup against the local ruler.
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