Walter Reckless (1899-1988) was an American criminologist, who developed the containment theory on delinquency and crime to explain the phenomenon mentioned above: why there are "good boys in bad neighborhoods".
This theory highlights how certain personal characteristics can isolate individuals from a surrounding environment full of delinquency. This person develops containment mechanisms, even tough, there are multiple stimulus around which push his/her towards crime. These mechanisms can be internal, such as a solid personality, clear goals in life, know how to manage frustation or external such as social groups which foster positive attitudes.
On the other hand, there are also opposite mechanisms, both internal and external as well, which bring individuals closer to crime.
Among other things, an unbelievable inflation hit Europe during that period.
It was caused by what the Spanish empire did. It brought back huge amount of which
initiated the value of gold to plummet. Europe has never been in this situation
and it was incomprehensible to They thought more gold is better, but suddenly
prices started to increase bizarrely. There was also very few silver
being produced at the time, hence pirate attacks became very rampant.
A large part of the continent was torn apart by conflicts both domestic
and international between varying religions like Protestants and Catholics.
There was the Dutch revolution between 1568 and 1648, the French Wars of
Religion which lasted 36 years from 1562 to 1598, the Thirty Years War in 1618
through 1648, and the Spanish Armada Expedition, to name a few.
Another problem was in the East, the threat Ottoman Yurkey which posed
to Europe.
<span>There was also population decline, plague,
economic warfare, and famine. </span>
Artikel ini menganalisis perkembangan ekonomi liberal dalam kegiatan perdagangan bebas di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu (NNMB) sebelum Perang Dunia Pertama. Pendekatan neomerkantilisme digunakan untuk meneliti peranan kerajaan yang bersifat ‘protective’dalam memusatkan pentadbiran dan penggubalan dasar berkaitan pembangunan perdagangan antarabangsa. Galakan terhadap eksport perdagangan, pembentukaan sistem tarif dan tumpuan pengumpulan surplus merupakan analisis penting neomerkantilisme dalam mengukur sumber kekayaan negara. Perubahan reformasi tarif yang berlaku di Britain secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi perubahan dasar ekonomi di Pejabat Tanah Jajahan menjelang awal abad ke-20. Kerajaan Britain menggunakan ‘imperial preference’sebagai langkah untuk melindungi kepentingan perdagangannya di tanah jajahan. Dasar ekonomi yang bersifat liberal amat diperlukan oleh Britain bagi mengatasi masalah perdagangan bebas yang menerima persaingan yang hebat daripada blok neomerkantilisme, khususnya Amerika Syarikat dan Jerman pada awal abad ke-20
conservative. is wut i think
