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Paha777 [63]
3 years ago
13

1a) consider the mixed aldol condensation reaction of 1-methylcyclopentane-1-carbaldehyde (shown below) and 3,3-dimethyl-2-butan

one (shown below) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. provide the expected major mixed aldol condensation product for this reaction (can exist as e or z isomer so you can draw either)

Chemistry
2 answers:
zubka84 [21]3 years ago
7 0
Aldehydes and ketones having α-hydrogen atoms, undergoes aldol condensation, in present of base (NaOH). 

The initial product formed during this reaction is β-hydroxy alcohol, which then undergoes dehydration to form α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone.

In present case, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone  has 2α-hyrogen atom, while methylcyclopentane-1-carbaldehyde has 1α-hydrogen atom. So the major product formed during cross aldol condensation reaction of these reactants is:
 5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethly-1-(2-methylcyclopentyl)pent-1-en-3-one. 

The complete reaction product formed is shown below. 

GalinKa [24]3 years ago
6 0

Explanation:

Aldol condensation refers to a reaction between an enolate ion or enol and a carbonyl compound to produce beta hydroxy aldehyde or beta hydroxy ketone. The initial step in a crossed aldol condensation is ketone deprotonates or enolizable aldehyde.  

An enolizable ketone or aldehyde signifies that it should exhibit one or more alpha hydrogens. In the given case, only 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone possess alpha hydrogen. Thus, it will get deprotonated by the base (hydroxide ion) in the initial step. In the succeeding step, it will be supplemented to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde. And in the ultimate step alkoxide gets protonated by water.  

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Explanation: Zaitsev’s or Saytzev’s (anglicized spelling) rule is an empirical rule used to predict regioselectivity of 1,2-elimination reactions occurring via E1 mechanism or via E2 mechanism. It states that in a regioselective E1 or E2 reaction the major product is the more stable alkene, i.e., the alkene with the more highly substituted double bond.

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Are these synthesis decomposition single replacement or double replacement?
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Answer:

1. Synthesis

2. Decomposition

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4. Synthesis

5. Decomposition

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Explanation:

Kind of a hard picture to look at but let me define each chemical reaction:

Synthesis:

a + b ---> ab   In synthesis elements/compounds come together to form new                compounds

Decomposition:

ab ---> a + b   In decomposition a compound breaks down to form 2 elements/compounds

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Double replacement

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Now, let's go through the assignment

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2. HgO ---> Hg + O2  This is a decomposition reaction because HgO broke into separate elements Hg and O.

3. Cl2 + NaBr ---> NaCl + Br2  This is a single replacement reaction because chlorine (Cl) replaced the spot of bromine (Br) to bond with sodium (Na).

4.  Mg + O2 ---> MgO  This is a synthesis reaction because two elements (Mg and O) came together to form one compound.

5. Al2O3 ---> Al + O2  This is a decomposition reactions because Al2O3 broke into separate elements Al and O.

6. H2 + N2 ---> NH3  This is a synthesis reaction because two elements (H and N) came together to form one compound.

<em>I hope this helps!!</em>

<em>- Kay :)</em>

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