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Jobisdone [24]
2 years ago
15

Voltage across the cell membrane is determined by the concentration of which 2 types of charged particles?

Biology
1 answer:
lisabon 2012 [21]2 years ago
8 0

The answer is; Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) Ions


These cations are pumped out of the cell by Na+-K+ transmembrane protein pumps leaving the inside of the cell electronegative in relation to the extracellular matrix. This membrane potential is significant especially for neurons. Depolarization of the membrane enables transmissions of an impulse along the neurons.


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Question 6 of 20:
e-lub [12.9K]
D. The food produced on intensive farms is cheaper than that on open ranges

Explain: As more is produced it becomes cheaper, and less it becomes more expensive.
5 0
3 years ago
Several bodily responses are described below. For each response, determine what caused the change in
EastWind [94]

Answer:

  1. Body starts to sweat: The core body temperature exceeded the set range of 35 degrees to 41.5 degree celsius
  2. Breathing rate increases: Cells are not receiving adequate oxygen to produce adequate energy.
  3. Amount of saliva produced changes: Saliva is produced in response to pH changes in the mouth or the intake of food.
  4. Body starts to shiver: Core temperature dropped below the set range of 35 to 41.5 degree celsius.

Explanation:

Homeostasis:

Homeostasis is the physiological process of regulating the internal environment of the body against fluctuations in the external environment.

Homeostasis systems in the body follow the following basic scheme (from 1 to 4):

  1. Stimulus
  2. Sensor
  3. Control
  4. Effector

Various control centers in the body sense varying body conditions and in turn activate certain effector mechanisms to regulate the changing conditions.

Thermoregulation:

  • Thermoregulation is the control and regulation of the optimum core temperature of the body between the range 35 to 41.5 degree celsius.
  • The control center is the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that receives signals from receptors in the body and initiates the appropriate response.
  • If the core temperature exceeds the optimum range, two mechanisms are initiated:
  1. The blood vessels towards the skin and extremities dilate, increasing the blood flow, allowing heat loss to the environment.
  2. Sweat glands are activated, evaporation of sweat produces a cooling effect.
  • If the core temperature decreases, again, two mechanisms are activated:
  1. Blood vessels to the extremities constrict to prevent heat loss; those towards the core dilate to provide maximum heat to the internal organs.
  2. Shivering mechanisms (involuntary muscle contractions) are activated that generate heat.

Respiratory Homeostasis:

During exercise or strenuous physical activity, our cells need to produce a large amount of energy through cellular respiration. Since, cellular respiration requires oxygen, more and more oxygen needs to be supplied to the cells. A low oxygen signal detected by the hypothalamus (control center in the brain) increases the breathing rate to ensure that sufficient oxygen reaches the cells.

Oral homeostasis:

The salivary glands maintain the homeostasis of the oral cavity. Saliva is not produced in response to food but to maintain the pH of the oral cavity to protect the teeth and enamel. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which digests carbohydrates in the mouth. Therefore, the production of saliva increases in response to smell, sight and taste of food.

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Write a short note on the activities that cause Air pollution.?
tankabanditka [31]

Explanation:

fumes from vehicles is the most common cause of air pollution

4 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
An experiment is designed to study the mechanism of sucrose uptake by plant cells. Cells are immersed in a sucrose solution, and
wolverine [178]

Answer:

A proton Pump, using ATP, pumps protons outside

A steady proton gradient with a higher concentration of H+ out of the cell is maintained by the proton pump.

pH decreases;

The gradient becomes sufficient.

H+ moves down electrochemical gradient into the cell; Sucrose moves into the cell.

Explanation:

A proton Pump, using the energy of ATP hydrolysis, pumps protons outside the cell.

A steady proton gradient with a higher concentration of H+ out of the cell is maintained by the proton pump.

The continues outward pumping of protons by the proton pump causes the pH of the extracellular fluid to decrease

At some point the gradient becomes sufficient, and pH reaches a steady slightly acidic level.

H+ moves down its electrochemical gradient into the cell together with Sucrose through the hydrogen ion-sucrose co-transporter.

6 0
3 years ago
magine you are trying to determine the phenotypic ratio of hair color. Brown (B) hair color is the dominant trait and blonde (b)
skad [1K]

Answer:

1:1 (brown:blonde)

Explanation:

Brown hair color (B) is dominant over blonde hair color (b).

Heterozygous parent will have the genotype Bb

Homozygous recessive parent will have the genotype bb.

Crossing hetezygous parent with homozygous recessive parent:

Bb   x   bb

Progeny: Bb, Bb, bb, and bb.

2 Bb brown hair

2 bb blonde hair

Phenotypic ratio = 1:1 (brown:blonde)

The correct answer is  1:1 (brown:blonde).

8 0
3 years ago
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