MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
The cell cycle ensures the duplication of the genome and its distribution in daughter cells by passing through a coordinated and regulated sequence of events.
A series of checkpoints guarantee the orderly progression of the phases of cell division and the correct distribution of the duplicated genetic material in the daughter cells.
The checkpoints during mitosis are:
- At the end of stage G1 and before S.
- Before anaphase in mitosis.
- DNA damage checkpoints in G1, S or G2.
The checkpoint before anaphase in mitosis guarantees the separation of chromosomes, and operates by activating the Mad2 protein that prevents the degradation of segurin, until the conditions are appropriate.
That is, the Mad2 protein prevents the segregation of sister chromatids until they have all bound to the spindle.
Therefore, we can conclude that MAD (mitotic arrest deficient) are proteins related to spindle cell cycle checkpoint and it is important since they prevent the segregation of sister chromatids until all have bound to the spindle.
Learn more here: brainly.com/question/9790187
First is vertical axis second is optical centre third is focal point fourth is curvature fifth is focal length and sixth is principal axis
Answer:
Acquired (or somatic) mutations occur at some time during a person's life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body. These changes can be caused by environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or can occur if an error is made as DNA copies itself during cell division.
Explanation:
If the marine plant is placed in a freshwater environment, then the cells will undergo plasmolysis.
The plants found in the freshwater surroundings are adjusted for osmoregulation in hypotonic environments. If one place this type of plant in a marine environment, that is, one with a greater concentration of dissolved salts, then the environment is considered as hypertonic environment. The cells of the plant will lose water and will go through the process of plasmolysis.
Answer:
The correct answers are- a) In the deformed mice, somatic cells but not germ cells were mutated and d) The toxic chemical affects development but is not mutagenic.
Explanation:
Mutation in the somatic cells do not pass in the offsprings and the only mutation in the germ cells can pass to the offspring because offspring are produced by the fertilization between different germ cells. Somatic cell mutation can only cause deformation in individuals but their offspring will be like normal offsprings.
The other cause may be that the toxic chemical used don't cause any mutation but just affect the development of mice so in this case genetic material will remain in normal state in deformed mouse and they will able to produce normal offsprings. So the right answer is a and d.
