Bacterial responses to antibiotics are concentration-dependent. At high concentrations, antibiotics exhibit antimicrobial activities on susceptible cells, while subinhibitory concentrations induce diverse biological responses in bacteria.
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A postsynaptic potential is defined as excitatory if it makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. ... A postsynaptic potential is considered inhibitory when the resulting change in membrane voltage makes it more difficult for the cell to fire an action potential, lowering the firing rate of the neuron.
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Change in an organism's environment forces the organism to adapt to fit the new environment, eventually causing it to evolve into a new species. ... Organisms become isolated as a result of environmental change. The cause of isolation can be gradual, like when mountains or deserts form, or continents split apart.
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