TLDR: Antibiotics must be taken several weeks to fully kill the bacteria. Else, surviving bacteria develops drug resistance.
Antibiotic prescription really depends on the patient's condition. Some conditions like major surgery or diseases that cause immunosuppression are more prone to bacterial infection, thus they must take antibiotics for prolonged periods of time to fight their current infections or prevent further infections.
Antibiotics, as a general rule, must be given 7 days or several weeks (depending on the bacteria/pathogen) to be sure that all the disease-causing bacteria are dead. If the drugs are taken only until symptoms fade, the surviving bacteria (now fewer in number and not causing symptoms) will develop mutations that may help resist the previously-taken antibiotic, giving rise to drug resistance.
Thus, Arjun must take the antibiotics for several weeks more (according to the doctor's orders, of course) to kill all remaining bacteria and also to prevent bacterial drug resistance. Which is really problematic, since we're slowly losing our number of effective antibiotics.
Consider transfusion if hemoglobin is 8 g/dL or below or if there are symptoms (chest pain, orthostatic hypotension or tachycardia unresponsive to fluid resuscitation, or congestive heart failure).
For inpatients with active acute coronary syndromes and a Hb level less than 8 g/dL, transfusion should be taken into consideration. Adult critical care medical and surgical inpatients with an Hb level less than 10 g/dL may receive a transfusion while receiving sepsis treatment within the first six hours of resuscitation. Acute sickle cell crisis, acute blood loss of more than 30% of blood volume, and symptomatic anemia (which results in shortness of breath, fainting, congestive heart failure, and decreased exercise tolerance) are all indications for transfusion.
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Answer:
Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a technique to make many copies of a specific DNA region in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism).
PCR relies on a thermostable DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase, and requires DNA primers designed specifically for the DNA region of interest.
In PCR, the reaction is repeatedly cycled through a series of temperature changes, which allow many copies of the target region to be produced.
PCR has many research and practical applications. It is routinely used in DNA cloning, medical diagnostics, and forensic analysis of DNA.
PCR:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common laboratory technique used to make many copies (millions or billions!) of a particular region of DNA. This DNA region can be anything the experimenter is interested in. For example, it might be a gene whose function a researcher wants to understand, or a genetic marker used by forensic scientists to match crime scene DNA with suspects.
Typically, the goal of PCR is to make enough of the target DNA region that it can be analyzed or used in some other way. For instance, DNA amplified by PCR may be sent for sequencing, visualized by gel electrophoresis, or cloned into a plasmid for further experiments.
PCR is used in many areas of biology and medicine, including molecular biology research, medical diagnostics, and even some branches of ecology.
Answer:
Explanation:
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.
