High-income families spend approximately ______

Jurisdiction E spends approximately $7 million each winter on snow removal. The jurisdiction is considering adding a new income

frez [133]

Answer:

'Taxes' can be defined as a compulsory contribution to the state's or country's revenues, which are levied by the governments on personal incomes of individuals or profits of the corporate, or on some transactions.

Taxes are the main source of revenues for any government, through which it receives the necessary funds to spend on various activities it undertakes for public welfare and maintaining the law and order and security of the nation.

Many theorists believe that every tax should be evaluated on certain standards and the following four standards have been mentioned for evaluating whether taxes are good or not:

Taxes should be sufficient to fulfill the government's requirements
Taxes should be convenient for the government to implement and for the citizens to pay
Taxes should be efficient economically
Taxes should be fair

There may be certain provisions introduced in the federal tax system, which are targeted to induce certain behaviors or shift people's attention towards certain activities. These provisions are called tax preferences

Does this proposed change in Jurisdiction E's tax law meet the definition of a tax preference? Explain briefly.

In the given question, the decision of the jurisdiction to give deduction to the people for the snow removal equipment they purchase, is definitely a tax preference as it induces people to invest in snow removing machines, as they are getting full deduction of such expense in income taxes.

By having this provision, the government is motivating people to invest in these machines, and people also have the benefit of having such machine with them, and also getting tax deduction for such expense, so getting such machine almost free (this applies to people who have incomes in such tax bracket only). Thus it is the way of government in encouraging people to buy snow removing machines and reduce the burden on the government. Thus it is clearly a tax preference.

Jurisdiction E forecasts that the proposed change will decrease its annual tax revenues by $250,000 but will improve the jurisdiction's financial condition by $300,000. On what assumptions is this forecast based?

The forecast regarding decrease in annual tax and improvement in financial condition is based on the assumptions of people taking benefit of such a provision, and actually investing in snow removing machines.

The jurisdiction believes that people will purchase the machines and make claims for deductions, effecting the tax revenue by $250,000. But at the same time, as many people will themselves remove the snow, the government doesn't have to spend so much on snow removal and thus make the savings of $300,000

6 0

3 years ago

When a government collects more revenue in one year than it spends, there is a budget?

murzikaleks [220]

This is a profit, which increases next year's budget.

4 0

3 years ago

Bond j has a coupon rate of 5 percent and bond k has a coupon rate of 11 percent. both bonds have 13 years to maturity, make sem

aleksley [76]

To find the change in the price of the bonds, first need to find the price of individual Bond.

Bond Price is directly related to the change in the YTM of the bond. If the YTM rises by 2%, the price of the bond will fall.

Bond J :

(WHEN YTM IS 8%)

Coupon Rate: 5%

Coupon Amount (PMT): $1,000 * 5% = $50/2 = $25 (Semi annual coupon amounts)

Number of years (NPER) = 13*2 = 26

YTM (rate) = 8%/2 = 4%

Face Value: $1000

Price (PV0) : ?

To find the price of the bond, can either use excel or with formula.

When input the below formula in excel,

PV =pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)

P0 =pv(4%,26,-25,-1000)

When input the formula in excel, we get PV as $760.26

(WHEN YTM RISES BY 2%, NEW YTM IS 10%)

Coupon Amount (PMT): $25 (Semi annual coupon amounts)

Number of years (NPER) = 26

YTM (rate) = 10%/2 = 5%

Face Value: $1000

Price (PV1) : ?

To find the price of the bond, can either use excel or with formula.

When input the below formula in excel,

PV =pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)

P1 =pv(5%,26,-25,-1000)

When input the formula in excel, we get PV as $640.62

CHANGE IN THE BOND PRICE OF BOND J DUE TO THE CHANGE IN THE YTM

%change = (P1 – P0)/P0

%change = ($640.62 - $760.26)/$760.26

%change = -18.68%

Therefore, with the increase in 2% YTM of BOND J, the price falls by 18.68%

Bond K :

(WHEN YTM IS 8%)

Coupon Rate: 11%

Coupon Amount (PMT): $1,000 * 11% = $110/2 = $55 (Semi annual coupon amounts)

Number of years (NPER) = 13*2 = 26

YTM (rate) = 8%/2 = 4%

Face Value: $1000

Price (PV0) : ?

To find the price of the bond, can either use excel or with formula.

When input the below formula in excel,

PV =pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)

P0 =pv(4%,26,-55,-1000)

When input the formula in excel, we get PV as $1,239.74

(WHEN YTM RISES BY 2%, NEW YTM IS 10%)

Coupon Amount (PMT): $55 (Semi annual coupon amounts)

Number of years (NPER) = 26

YTM (rate) = 10%/2 = 5%

Face Value: $1000

Price (PV1) : ?

To find the price of the bond, can either use excel or with formula.

When input the below formula in excel,

PV =pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)

P1 =pv(5%,26,-55,-1000)

When input the formula in excel, we get PV as $1,071.88

CHANGE IN THE BOND PRICE OF BOND K DUE TO THE CHANGE IN THE YTM

%change = (P1 – P0)/P0

%change = ($1071.88 - $1239.74)/$1239.74

%change = -13.54%

Therefore, with the increase in 2% YTM of BOND k, the price falls by 13.54%

SIMILALRY IF THE BOND PRICES FALLS BY 2%, the YTM WILL BE 6%/2 = 3% **(REFER THE IMAGE ATTACHED)

5 0

3 years ago

Assume that Reed Company purchases 18,000 common shares of Aiello Company for $8 cash per share. During the year, Reed receives

Minchanka [31]

Answer:

option d is right

income does Reed report relating to this investment for the year is $34200

Explanation:

Given data

purchases shares = 18000

1 share value = $8

cash dividend = $.090 per common share

common stock = $9 per share

to find out

total income

solution

we know total income for year = total dividend + unrealized gain by the change of fair .....................1

we say here

total dividend received is purchases shares × cash dividend

total dividend = 18000 × 0.90

total dividend is $16200 .................2

and

Unrealized gain by change of fair = (common stock per share - 1 share value ) × purchases shares

Unrealized gain by change of fair = (9 - 8 ) 18,000

Unrealized gain by change of fair is $18,000 .................3

put equation 2 and 3 in equation 1 we get

total income for year = total dividend + unrealized gain by the change of fair

total income for year = 16200 + 18,000

income does Reed report relating to this investment for the year is $34200

option d is right

3 0

3 years ago

A Level 2 topic in a Word outline will be used in PowerPoint to create a

yan [13]

The level 2 topic would become the first level bullet item. (OPTION A)

Reason: The level 1 would become the slide titles and the level 2 would become the first level bullet items in the slide and the level 3 would become sub bullets or the second level bullet items and so on

So to conclude, the level 2 would become first level bullet item

8 0

3 years ago

High-income families spend approximately _______ to raise a child.