bicarbonate can act as an acid or a base (i.e., donate or accept hydrogen ions) depending on conditions.
Under present-day conditions, these reactions buffer the pH of surface seawater at a slightly basic value of about 8.1 (above the neutral value around 7.0). At this pH, the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC ~ 2 mM) consists of approximately 1% CO2, 90% HCO3–, and 9% CO32– (Figure 2.1). The total boric acid concentration (B(OH)4– + B(OH)3)) is about 1/5 that of DIC. As discussed in section 2.2, increases in CO2 will increase the H+concentration, thus decreasing pH; the opposite occurs when CO2 decreases. We note that isotope fractionation between B(OH)3 and B(OH)4–is used for estimating past pH values
Answer:
Negatively
Explanation:
The Industrial Revolution contributed to the first mass scale pollution of the Earth's spheres by the humans. There was pollution prior to it as well, but it was nothing when compared with the period after it occurred. With the development of the industry, lot of waste was released into the waters, or on the soil, often being very toxic and causing severe contamination. The main energy source was the coal, and the coal that was used was releasing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The places that were located near industrial object, or had industrial objects in them faced enormous pollution of the air, which badly affected the health of the humans, animals, and plants. The first acidic rains caused by the human activity started to appear, causing big damage on the forests.
Answer:
Sedimentary rock layers contain information about the relative ages of events and objects in Earth's history. As you read earlier, sedimentary rocks form from the sediments that fall to the bottom of lakes, rivers, and seas. Over time, the sediments pile up to form horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks
The rock layers above the bone bed are younger than the bone bed. The rock layers below the bone bed are older than the bone bed.
Answer: I think that it would be C but I'm not completely positive :) either way, I hope this can help out on whatever you're working on
