1.After all these years, our dog finally learned to fetch.
2.After all we took him to obedience school,five years ago.
3 and 4 are the same
I believe it would be C ( tenuous : flimsy), but I would need to know the entire question context to be sure.
Are you talking about an acronym. they help fit multiple words into a smaller form. ex: wyd (what you doing)
In "the open window" by Saki. The character Framton decides to go to the Stappletons' house to relax because he has been extremely nervous and believes the countryside will help him relax. Framton waits for Mrs.. Sappleton but Vera comes first and they start a conversation in which he discovers about the tragedy. This works as a contradiction to his expected outcome and actually makes him even more nervous.
The whole incident goes against what Framton expected, therefore is considered a situational irony.
The phrase in which that contradiction seems reflected from Framton Nuttel's perspective is: "She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible."
They are ethos pathos and logos