Answer: 1) DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) is considered as the genetic material of living organisms ( that is passed from parents to next generation). It determines the structure of protein that carry out essential function of life.
- For this, DNA possesses instructions in the form of specific nucleotide sequences. First it undergoes transcription, in which genetic information from DNA is passed to mRNA ( messenger RNA), which is finally converted to specific protein through translation.
2) The importance of DNA determining proteins is that the proteins, which are formed, corresponds to specific cellular activities ( such as digestion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates) as well as the characteristics/ traits ( like color of skin, color of eyes) of the organism.
In this way, traits are passed from parents to their offspring through genetic material.
Answer:
Bull = Pp
Cow A = pp
Cow B = pp
Cow C = Pp
Explanation:
In cows polled (P) is dominant over horned (p) trait.
The bull is polled so it can be PP or Pp. Cow B is horned so it must be pp. Resultant offspring from bull X Cow B is also a horned calf (pp). This calf must have received one p from the bull. So the bull's genotype is Pp.
Cow A is also a horned cow so it must be pp. When bull X Cow A, a polled calf is produced. Since the bull's genotype is Pp and Cow A's genotype is pp, this polled calf will be Pp like the bull.
Cow C is polled like the bull so it can be PP or Pp. However on crossing with the bull (Pp) a horned calf is produced (pp). This calf got one p allele from the bull and p allele from the Cow C. So Cow C's genotype must be Pp.
Hence,
Bull = Pp
Cow A = pp
Cow B = pp
Cow C = Pp
In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".
Answer:
Secondary
Explanation:
There are several levels of prevention. You might confuse this with primary prevention. Primary prevention is preventing infection, so it has to be done before the patient caught the disease.
The needle-exchange program aims to reduce the spread of blood-borne disease(HIV, hepatitis, etc) from the multiple usages of the same needle. Since the disease already exists, this will be secondary prevention.
