Answer:
hybridization is categorized as crossing organisms that have different traits to bring together the best of each. However, this can come with some post-zygotic barriers.
Reduced hybrid viability: hybrid offspring does not survive
Reduced hybrid fertility: hybrid offspring cannot reproduce
hybrid breakdown: first generation of hybrids are viable and fertile, however, their offspring (generation 3) are sterile.
Frequency is the term that describes the number of waves passing a point during a certain period of time, frequency is also measured in Hz (hertz).
Male Birds are usually the colorful birds to attract mates while females are camouflaged to protect their eggs/hatchlings. Ground birds need to be camouflaged because they are easy prey and they have their nests on the ground.
If the inner lining of the air sacs neither thin nor highly vascularized, then it can be inferred that AIR SACS ARE CANNOT BE THE SITES OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE BETWEEN AIR AND BLOOD. Air sacs are generally lined with mucus and surrounded with blood capillaries.
In case of birds, air sacs play an important role in respiratory system.
Two traits that we are examining are the color (purple/white) and the smoothness.
In our sample, we have 135 individuals ( 75 +28+24+8= 135).
Since we know that expected ratio of a dihybrid cross, is <span>9:3:3:1 we can calculate what is the expected values of each phenotype is.
So, for the white wrinkled phenotype, we expect that there will be one-sixteenth of the whole sample ( there are 16 parts of the whole sample 9+3+3+1=16).
So, we multiply the whole sample- 135 with one-sixteenth (or </span>0.0625) and get 8,4375.
When you calculate the values for all phenotypes you get results shown in the attached excel table.
When you have your expected and experimental values you compare them with a chi-square test. (The test determines if the difference between the expected and experimental results is statistically significant).