Emergency contraception is a method to avoid pregnancy after having unprotected sex. Emergency contraception pills are hormone pills that women can take after having sex. There are different types of emergency contraception pills. On such pill is the levonorgestrel which works best up to 72 hours after having unprotected intercourse. The other emergency contraception pill is ulipristal acetate which can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. Levonorgestrel is FDA approved and is sold over-the-counter without a prescription or age. Whereas ulipristal requires a prescription to buy.
Intellectual Property Rights are certain legal laws framed by the government of a country to ensure that the formulation, procedure of synthesis and monopoly of production of certain novel commodities remain with the inventor or discoverer of the commodities in form of patents.
According to the question, the legalization of the production of a particular pharmaceutical drug solely by the company Merck through patents prevents other companies from producing the same drug by copying the formulation of the drug from Merck.
Hence, the Merck company gets the monopolistic control on the production of the particular pharmaceutical drug and it can determine the price of the drugs as per not only its research and development costs but also as per its profit margin.
This is because Merck lacks any competitor in the pharmaceutical market as far as the particular pharmaceutical drug is concerned, who could produce and sell the drug at reduced prices.
Hence, the price of the pharmaceutical drug would be high causing the consumers to pay more and suffer losses for consuming the drug.
The stomata control gas exchange in the leaf. Each stoma can be open or closed, depending on how turgid its guard cells are. In the light, the guard cells absorb water by osmosis , become turgid and the stoma opens.
<u>Answer</u>: Appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.
<u>Explanation</u>:
The <em>hox</em> genes are a subset of homeotic genes.
The function of the hox genes is to control the development of the body plan of an individual during the embryonic stage.
Thus, the basic body form of an organism is laid down with the help of these genes.
<em>These genes are present in many different species from fruit fly to mice to humans</em>.
The reason that they are present in different organisms is that there was a common ancestor that possessed the hox gene cluster and then the genes were passed on to different vertebrates. However, the slight changes that have occurred in these genes are due to duplication events.
