Answer:
1. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
2. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
4. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
6. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of Akt
8. Glut4 receptors transported to cell membrane
The change in foot shape making the feet wider and longer than the hands and the curvature of the spine also adapted to it
Inadequate dietary vitamin D or its deficiency leads to malabsorption of calcium. Nutritional disorder leads to the rare disease rickets, which causes bones to become soft and bend in children. In adults, vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia, which causes weak bones, bone pain and muscle weakness.
The body needs vitamin D to properly absorb calcium and phosphorus from the diet. However, keeping the right quantities of calcium and phosphorus in bones is challenging when vitamin D levels are low.
The two sources of vitamin D are-
- Natural sunlight
- Foods such as fish oil, Egg yolk and fatty fishes like salmon and mackerel
There are other disease conditions which lead to poor absorption of vitamin D-
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Celiac diseases
- Kidney problems
To learn more about Rickets here-
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