Question

In all cells, separation of replicated chromosomes is a prerequisite for cell division. However, the mechanism of chromosome separation in bacteria is distinct from that in eukaryotes in several ways. Sort the following into Bacteria only, Eukaryotes only, Both Bactria and eukaryotes.1. two copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separating2. chromosomes replicate before cell division3. chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA4. Before separation duplicated chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope fragments permitting chromosome separation5. replicated chromosomes separate by attaching to some other structural feature of the cell

Answer 1

1. two copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separating

2. chromosomes replicate before cell division

3. chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA

4. Before separation duplicated chromosomes condense; nuclear envelope fragments permitting chromosome separation

5. replicated chromosomes separate by attaching to some other structural feature of the cell

Explanation:

In the given question, the DNA replication steps of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are provided in which some are common to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes and some are unique to the prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes

1. Option-4 as the nuclear envelope is present in eukaryotes only.

2. Option-1 as centromere allows the kinetochores bind to the centromere which separates the chromosome.

Bacteria

1. Option-3 as DNA replication process separates the strand of the DNA.

Both

1. Option-5 as the chromosomes separate by other structures like microtubules

2. Option-2 as genetic material to be passed on to the generation must be replicated.