Free blacks throughout the antebellum period, which encompassed the years from the creation of the Union until the Civil War, were vocal in their opposition to slavery's injustice. In terms of their ability to express themselves, their location in the North or the South was a determining factor. Free Southern blacks continued to live under the shadow of slavery, unable to move or congregate as freely as those in the North, despite their freedom from slavery. Additionally, it was more difficult for them to create and maintain churches, schools, and fraternal organizations like as the Masons during this time period.

Despite the fact that their lives were restricted by a slew of discriminatory regulations even during the colonial period, freed African Americans, particularly those living in the North, were active participants in the life of the country. Black troops served in the American Revolution and the War of 1812, and many of them were African-American. Some had land, residences, businesses, and were required to pay taxes. For brief periods of time in some Northern cities, black property owners were able to cast ballots. Slaves were owned by a very tiny number of free blacks. The slaves that the majority of free blacks purchased were relatives who were eventually manumitted by their masters. Slave holding plantations in Louisiana, Virginia, and South Carolina were owned by a small number of free blacks.

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