The Initial Coverage Limit is the measured by the retail cost of your drug purchases and is used to determine when you leave your Medicare plan's Initial Coverage Phase and enter the Donut Hole or Coverage Gap portion of your Medicare Part D prescription drug plan.
For example, if you purchase a medication with a retail cost of $100 and your Medicare Part D plan pays $70 toward the prescription and you pay a $30 co-payment, the total retail value of $100 counts toward meeting your Initial Coverage Limit and moves you $100 closer to entering the Donut Hole.
The standard Initial Coverage Limit (entry point to the Coverage Gap or Donut Hole) can vary each year.
In 2006, at the start of the Medicare Part D program, the Initial Coverage Limit was $2,250 and now the ICL has increased in 2019 to $3,820.
Hopefully that helps you out
After some research I found the important parts mostly bolded
Advantages:
1) Although the technology at first seems like something done for convenience rather than being something of significant utility, the fact is that poorly developed nations like India which have a relatively poor vaccination program are most likely to benefit from such a vaccine.
This is also the reason why many of the projects mentioned here (including Arntzen's early work) have been funded by the WHO.
2) Mucosal immunity : The vaccines which are given parenterally (e.g. Intramuscularly) induce a systemic response but little or no local immune response in the GI tract. This so called "mucosal immunity " is increasingly being considered very important for defense against GI pathogens. ( Remember OPV..)
3) And of course, it's painless and convenient
Disadvantages:
1) The vaccine dose would be inadequate if the patient eats only one banana/potato instead of the recommended two. Furthermore, there might be difficulties in judging the dose itself since the amount of antigen in each fruit cannot be accurately measured.
2) The risk of introducing a new gene into the Plant DNA population is not known. The gene may jump species and propagate into other plants (or wild varieties of the same plants).
This may cause unpredictable results including a decrease in the number or even extinction of a particular plant species due to growth stunting caused by the viral/bacterial gene. (This has been known to occur in research studies, including Arntzen's)
3)"Oral Tolerance": In another concern, scientists need to be sure that vaccines meant to enhance immune responses do not backfire and suppress immunity instead. Research into a phenomenon called oral tolerance has shown that ingesting certain proteins can at times cause the body to shut down its responses to those proteins.
This may cause the body to become more susceptible to a particular disease agent rather than become immunized against it.
Answer:
using consistent routines for health and beauty
Explanation:
all the others will lower self esteem and body image when struggling with self esteem already. hope this helps!
Answer:
infinie because there is a lot of types of exersize
Explanation:
Water, Milk, all natural juice.
