In this instance, giggling and squirming is a conditioned response (CR).
A CR is a learned automatic response that occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly followed by an unconditioned stimulus, till the neutral stimulus by itself elicits a conditioned response. In this scenario, the CR is Grace whistling, the unconditioned stimulus is the tickling, and the response is Khaleel giggling and squirming. After the repeated pairing of Grace's whistling followed by tickling, Grace's whistling alone creates the conditioned response in Khaleel.
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Answer:
d.maladaptive and loss of control over thoughts and behaviors.
Explanation:
Abnormal behaviour will be defined once maladaptive and loss of control over thoughts and behaviours hinder a person from functioning.
This means that the behaviour is causing distress,<em> usually a combination of pain and stress that makes the people conflict more than the average and leads to a "psychological disorder" in the long term:</em>
All disorders are a form of deviation since they involve: violation of common and social normals, the personal distress also is found in statistical extremes.
Anxiety disorders will often manifest as unfounded fear, and when this fear prevents the person to carry out a normal life, then it is considered abnormal behaviour.
The same <u>happens with dissociative or mood disorders, that make someone live with complications unprecedented, and typical abnormal behaviours are classified into forms of mental illness:</u>
Schizophrenia and Bipolarity, are common examples of these.
