The correct answer is <em>D. Image A: dual federalism; Image B: cooperative federalism.
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Cooperative federalism is a political system where the line that divides the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments is not clear. Dual federalism is a system where the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments are clearly defined.
The rigid structure of Dual federalism has horizontal power between national and state governments. It also respects sovereignty in their fields and promotes competition. The structure of Cooperative federalism has a vertical power between national and state governments, it is more flexible and promotes cooperation.
<span>Progressive Era reformers at the turn of the century successfully compelled local governments to introduce 'civil service systems' to replace political machine.</span>
