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marusya05 [52]
3 years ago
12

A, B, C, D and E are pathogens of different diseases for human beings. The route of entry of pathogens in human body is differen

t according to habitat of pathogens or diseases. (5) a) What is pathogen and write about different types of pathogens? b) Give name of the diseases of each pathogen. c) Do the pathogens enter directly into the body? How? d) What is incubation period?
Biology
1 answer:
Goryan [66]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Microorganisms which causes diseases is known as pathogen.

Explanation:

<u>PATHOGEN -:</u> Pathogens are agents that live in a host and are responsible for causing infections or diseases in that host, such as a human being. Microorganisms such as bacteria , viruses , fungi or protozoa, or other organisms such as parasites, worms and even contagious proteins such as prions, may be pathogens.

<u>Viruses:</u> Viruses are micro-organisms that are composed of nucleic acid and covered by a protein sheet. A lipid (fatty) outer layer is also present in some viruses. Enveloped viruses are called these. Non-enveloped viruses are considered those that do not have this lipid outer layer. Only inside their host's living cells are viruses able to replicate.<u> EXAMPLE -:</u>  Influenza (influenza A and B viruses) and the common cold (rhinovirus) are examples of infections caused by viruses.

<u>Bacteria: </u>These are microorganisms which have a nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a cell wall or membrane. Among bacteria, the composition of the cell wall differs. If they are able to access food and nutrients, they have a more complex structure than viruses and can multiply beyond the host.<u> EXAMPLE -: </u> Foodborne diseases can be caused by bacteria such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, while Staphylococcus aureus can cause skin infections.

<u>Fungi:</u> Fungi are single-celled or multicelled species that can live outside a host. They consume food and nutrients created after digestive enzymes have been secreted into their atmosphere. <u>example-: </u> The foot of the athlete (Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and yeast infections (Candida albicans) are examples of infections caused by fungi.

<u>Prions:</u> These are infectious agents made up entirely of proteins and capable of transferring to other prion proteins their infectious properties.<u> EXAMPLE -: </u>Extreme infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be caused by prions.

<u>Protozoa: </u>Protozoa are single-celled organisms that display habits that are similar to animals, such as the ability to travel through water, and are capable of harvesting other microorganisms. They are able to live outside the human host, but when they enter the human host and spread, causing infections and diseases, they may also be parasitic in nature. <u> EXAMPLE -: </u>Malaria and giardia include common infections

  • <u>Yes , pathogen enter into the body directly -:</u> Direct contact infections spread when, through direct physical contact with blood or body fluids, disease-causing microorganisms move from the infected person to the healthy person. Touching, kissing, sexual contact, contact with oral secretions, or contact with bodily lesions are examples of direct contact.
  • <u>INCUBATION PERIOD OF A PATHOGEN -</u>:The period of incubation is the interval between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a drug, or radiation, and when the first signs and symptoms are evident.
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A rock sample has a mass of 16 grams and a volume of 8 cubic centimeters. When the rock is cut in half, what is the volume and d
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Answer:

Volume= 4 cm³

Density= 2 g/cm³

Explanation:

We have the following data:

volume= V= 8 cm³

mass= m= 16 g

The density is the mass per volume of a substance, so the density of the rock is:

density= d= 16 g/8 cm³= 2 g/cm³

When we cut the rock in half, we have a half volume and a half mass:

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d = m/V= 8 g/4 cm³= 2 g/cm³

6 0
3 years ago
On a backpacking trip, Kenny hikes all day at a steady pace, covering 30 kilometers and burning 4000 Calories. At the school tra
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Answer:

A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."

D. The rate of energy demand determines how the muscles will obtain energy, either from cellular respiration or from lactic acid fermentation if not enough oxygen is present.

Explanation:

It is important to consider that Kenny hikes all day but at a steady pace, whereas Janelle runs very fast. So Kenny's case, the supply of oxygen is sufficient to maintain aerobic respiration within the muscle cells. During this process only CO2, Water, and ATP are produced; therefore, there is no oxygen debt. We should keep in mind that the body shifts to anaerobic metabolism only when the supply of oxygen is limited.

In Janelle's case, running fast would need energy at higher rates and the supply of oxygen would not be sufficient to generate a high amount of ATPs. Therefore, to compensate for this deficiency, cells will start fermenting glucose to lactic acid and produce ATP and maintain energy demands. This lactic acid causes fatigue and this is why Janelle has aching and breathing hard. Breathing hard is also automatic reflux to inhale more oxygen and meet oxygen demands but even breathing hard would not be able to make it and the body will shift to anaerobic respiration automatically.

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Answer:

incoming Paleoindians, the first Americans, who allegedly hunted them to extinction.

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All arteries except pulmonary artery carry pure blood. Why?
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Answer:

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Explanation:

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hope this will help you mate✌✌

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