Well i can at least help with some of it. During that period of time the church also controlled the science community. they believed that everything revolved around the earth (pre-sientific), so when Galileo and Plotemy made different theory from the church (that everything revolved around the sun) the church tried to silence them (enlightenment Ideas). in time it was accepted that the sun was the center of the universe (new beliefs). Sorry I cant help with the other two.
C. <em>This was a war seen by the Philippinos as a continuation of their independence while it was seen by the american government as an insurrection</em>. The Philippines have been fighting the Spanish Empire since 1896, when the Katiputian (an anti-colonist organization) was discovered by Spanish authorities, leading to 2 years of conflict that ended only when the Treaty of Paris, that ended the Spanish Empire as it was known, ceding the overseas territories of Puerto Rico, Guam and Philippines to the United States.
Even though the Philippinos saw this as a continuation of their fight towards independence, since their country was still owned by other nation than their own, the U.S. saw their continued resistance as an act of insurrection; the Battle of Manila was the initial confrontation of what would scalate to be the Philippine-American war.
The resources used for energy during the Industrial Revolution made a huge impact historically and sparked a revolution that would change the world both technologically and environmentally. Although the impacts of the revolution would not be fully realized until many decades later, they would push the world forward in terms of production, distribution and technology. Only a few resources were used for energy during this time, but the new inventions and resources discovered during the Industrial Revolution were the life force that made it a defining era.
