Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
Cohen and Boyer revolutionized genetics by producing recombinant DNA. Recombinant DNA is made from two or more different organisms. Recombinant DNA technology was developed by Cohen and Boyer, they worked together to combine genes from different bacteria into one DNA molecule. They used genes from two drug resistant strains of E. coli bacteria; one gene provides resistance to the antibiotic teracycline, and the other provides resistance to kanamycin.
<span>Answer:
Respiration is a very important process that happens in all living things. It is the way in which our bodies release energy from the food we eat.
When your hand is above your head, the flow of blood is reduced. This means the
supply of glucose and oxygen to the cells is limited, they respire less, and release less
energy. Therefore, the cells get tired more quickly and ache more readily. Pupils may
also account for their results by discussing anaerobic respiration.</span>
Answer:
Taxol alters cytosolic calcium signaling by opening mitochondrial pores
Explanation:
Taxol is an antimitotic (i.e., cytotoxic) agent used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells. Taxol is an antimitotic drug that has been successfully used in different types of cancer including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, sarcoma, etc. Recently, it has been shown that Taxol may induce rapid cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) response by producing a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential associated with the loss of mitochondrial Ca(2+). In consequence, it has been proposed that the side effects of chemotherapy might be associated with the action of cytotoxic agents such as Taxol which alters mitochondrial function and Ca(2+) signaling cascade.
Answer:
Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues.
Explanation:
Neurogenesis in adults is limited by Inhibitory influences from neuroglia, mainly from oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues that are present during fetal development. It is so hard to repair a damaged nerve because nerve cell like other cells can't divide and increase in number, they can't renew themselves. Due to no division, the nerve cells does not increase in number and therefore can't repair themselves.