I believe the points should be as follows : X, S, Y, and U.
Oh my, ummm if u go on slander and search that book name then type that page number it will give u all the answers, and the answers are probably at the back of the book <3
the answers is
1 Inch = 4 Feet
Here is the explanation -
the side of square = 12
length of Ground - 48
ratio of length = 12 /48
= 1/4
1 : 4
bye
It gained 2 lb. because if you subtract 8-6 you would get 2. So Arfus gained 2 lb.