The beneficial uses of bacterial toxins in medicine are more and more used lately. For example, Botulinum toxin is a toxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which has paralytic effects (injection of this toxin into muscle relax specific muscles). Botulinum toxin accomplishes his effects on the neuromuscular junction where he prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach). Utilization of this toxin is in the treatment of various muscle spasms. It is also used in the treatment of migraines. Diphtheria toxin is also one of the toxins used for medical purposes for the treatment of cutaneous and non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. <span>Some bacterial toxins can be used in the treatment of tumours. For example, immunotoxin, which is protein made by fusion of modified antibody and toxin.The antibody binds to an antigen on the target cell, the toxin then enters via endocytosis and kills the cell. Commonly used bacterial toxins in immunotoxins are Diphtheria toxin and the Pseudomonas exotoxin.</span>
When the fish is put into fresh water, suddenly the concentration around them is very low and the water potential is extremely high. Water will now move from the relatively high water potential in the water to the relatively low water potential in the cells, the cells start to burst and the fish dies.
I think it is C, but I could be wrong because I am taking an educated guess.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
If you have ever seen a punnett square, you should know already that usually, they have 4 (or more) little boxes with two of the same letter. (ex. EE, ee, or Ee in every box). This predicts what the genotype of the offspring would be, based on the parents' genotypes. Pedigree charts track inherited traits, whether that be a disease or health.
