The word you're looking for is the Bowen's reaction.
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Answer: C.) Cladistics is based purely on the shared characters between organisms and their ranking in evolutionary history.
Explanation:
Phylogeny is the evolutionary science which derives a relationship among the ancient species with their descendants based upon common genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics. Cladistics represent the study of a group of organisms which exhibit a common ancestor. A clade includes organisms having a common ancestors and exhibit similar traits in them. A clade is sufficient to include the organisms in a phylogenic tree based upon their evolutionary history.
The answer to your question is D. Heat Transfer