Robert trivers <span>created three additional theories for evolutionary studies that included parental investment, parent-offspring conflict, and reciprocal altruism.</span>
the letter B. that is the answer
<span>Actually the correct method to handle the used needle is ie, It should be disposed in the right place after wrapping up it with a piece of paper or cover, which will surely avoid any type future unwanted problems to the new patients or any body and also it stops us from the spreading of unwanted diseases.</span>
---- *Well, since there is really no specific ecosystem that was asked about in the question, I will just list some common and basic abiotic factors found throughout most ecosystems (maybe you can match this with the ecosystem you are talking about).
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Abiotic factors: nonliving parts of an ecosystem
Some abiotic factors include: ROCKS, SOIL, AIR, SUN, WATER, ETC.