<span>Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration—in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor (often a concentration gradient).</span>
<span>B. The enzyme amylase was saturated, as all its active sites were occupied by substrate starch.
Each enzyme molecule has an active site in which it binds to a substrate to complete the enzyme-substrate complex. This means that there has to be a balance of enzyme molecules to substrate molecules. </span>
The noncyclic pathway is a FLOW of electrons from water, to photosystem II, to PHOTOSYSTEM I to NADPH. Energy is released as ELECTRONS move through the first electron transfer chain. This energy pumps HYDROGEN IONS into the thylakoid compartment, and then they power the formation of ATP as they flow back out. Sunlight provides the energy needed to keep this cycle going.
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- Luminous energy is trapped by chlorophyll in Photosystem II.
- When the pigment molecules absorb light, electrons provided by water molecules get in a higher energy level.
- The excited electrons go through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to a less energetic level in photosystem I.
- <em>When the excited electrons leave photosystem II, they are replaced by new electrons extracted from the water molecules. </em>
- Luminous energy absorbed move the electrons from the photosystem I to another electron acceptor, from where they get transported again and used to produce NADPH molecules.
- <em>When electrons leave Photosystem I, they are replaced by new electrons coming from photosystem II. </em>
- When the water molecule breaks down, hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid lumen, from where they are pumped to the stroma by the ATP synthase.
- The released energy is used to produce ATP molecules.
- Hydrogen ions go back from the stroma to the thylakoid compartment.
The final products are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
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Answer:
The deficiency in this enzyme causes that it begins erroneously label other enzymes. Because the activating proteins are not properly labeled, they escape into spaces outside the cell and do not disintegrate substances inside the cells, that is, lysosomes cannot perform their function correctly. This causes waste products, which must include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, accumulate in specific masses as inclusion bodies.