Answer:
a. generalization
Explanation:
In psychology and conditioning, the term generalization refers to the phenomenon that takes place when, after learning a behavior, a stimulus that is similar to the one that provoques the first answer, provoques the same answer. In other words, the individual responds in the same way to similar stimulus.
In this example dogs are conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh (the stimulus would be the stimulation of the thigh), however, this salivating conduct also takes place when they are stimulated on other body parts (which is a similar stimulus to the original one). Therefore <u>they are responding in the same way, salivating, to similar stimulus. </u>Therefore, this best illustrated generalization.
<span>When reference is made to the "poverty line", it means the specific amount of income needed for a basic standard of living.
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The poverty line refers to the base level of pay considered sufficient in a specific country. Practically speaking, similar to the meaning of poverty, the official or normal comprehension of the neediness line is fundamentally higher in created nations than in creating nations.
A progressive tax is a tax which causes the situation that the rich contribute more to the finances of the country than the poor - this means that the more one earns, the more one also pays in taxes. The correct answer is: d. Under a progressive tax, those with more income shoulder more of the tax burden.
If an investor establishes a call spread, buys the lower exercise price, and sells the higher exercise price at a net debit, he anticipates that <u>the spread will widen</u>.
A straddle is an options strategy that buys both put and call options on the same underlying security with the same expiration date and strike price.
You can buy and sell straddles. A long straddle buys both calls and puts options on the same underlying stock with the same strike price and expiration date. If the underlying moves significantly in either direction before expiry, you can make a profit.
A call option buyer can hold the contract until the expiration date. At that time, you can either acquire 100 shares or sell the option contract at the market price of the contract at any time before the maturity date. There is a fee for purchasing a call option called Premium.
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