The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
Explanation:
When valinomycin treatment was given, the rate of ATP production is reduced in the cells treated. Since mitochondria are involved in ATP synthesis, it clearly shows that valinomycin inhibits mitochondrial action.
Valinomycin being a selective K+ ionophore, it can transfer potassium ions through selective lipid membranes. This can cause potassium effux in organelles like mitochondria leading to marked loss of potential of mitochondrial membrane and apoptosis in cells.
The effux of K+ ions forms a complex with valinomycin and slows down the mitochondrial part of ATP synthesis by reducing the proton-motive force, but does not block any oxygen electron transfer
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Many reasons to be honest but the main one is because of erosion and the water levels (rising and falling)
The correct answer is the last option.
The first option does not make sense as the electron transport chain makes the most ATP from the whole ATP synthesis cycle including glycolysis and the Kreb's Cycle. It also does not make NADH, but instead splits NADH into NAD- and H+. The H+ are used later to make ATP.
The second option also does not make sense as a "lysosome" is a digestive "pocket" in the cell, used for taking in and digesting food for the cell.
The third option also does not make sense as it does not produce NADH and is not during glycolysis. The electron transfer chain breaks up NADH and FADH2 and is the last step in the ATP synthesis process, after glycolysis and Kreb's Cycle.
The last option is correct. The electron transfer chain has the ability to make 34 molecules of ATP (in theory; so in real-life this does not always happen). The electron transfer chain does break down several compounds derived from glucose in a series of chemical reactions that do occur in the cristae of the mitochondrion.
