Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
Answer:
Option A, B, C
Explanation:
The major advantages of multienzyme complex over a metabolic pathway is that it do not require individual pathway for each enzyme activation or inhibition. Instead it responds efficiently to the equilibrium changes of substrate supply and demand as compared to that of enzymes.
It tightly regulates the processes and is also faster than that of the metabolic pathway.
Hence, option A, B and C are correct
It is the rib cage (thoracic cage)
Answer:
Because it is a fluid system, the atmosphere is capable of supporting a wide spectrum of motions. These range from turbulent eddies of a few meters to circulations with dimensions of the Earth itself. By rearranging mass, air motion influences otheratmospheric components such as water vapor, ozone, and cloud, which figure prominently in radiative and chemical processes. Such influence makes the atmospheric circulation a key ingredient of the global energy budget.
Explanation:
right off of go ogle
Answer:
Questions, hypotheses, and ideas should be tested against observable evidence.
Explanation:
Skepticism is extremely important, if not fundamental, in all areas of Science. This attitude is based on the belief that all questions, hypotheses, and ideas should be tested against observable evidence. Moreover, it allows scientists to <u>question and think thoroughly about all possibilities behind a phenomenon, instead of just 'believing' any observation or vague and non-supported reason that explains it.</u>
In addition, it allows researchers to investigate all possibilities and test numerous methodologies to be certain and gather enough evidence to explain this certain phenomenon.
