Answer:
Due to newly formed land.
Explanation:
Surtsey provided ideal conditions for studying primary succession because due to volcanic eruption all the vegetation and living organisms are destroyed from the surface and the land has no vegetation. Primary succession only occurs when the land is colonized for the first time after the formation of land due to natural disaster such as volcanic eruption etc. So we can say that Surtsey provided the conditions for observing primary succession.
Page 1:
1. 4th option
2.the 3rd option
3.the 1st option
4. the 2nd option (i think)
5. 3rd option
page 2:
1. 3rd option i think
2.3rd option
3.2nd option
4.2nd option
5.3rd option (i think)
Most organisms rely on the sun as a primary source of energy
