For Rachel the answer is c
Philosophers and other thinkers had many different ideas and propositions about the possible connection between reason and the physical world. One of them is the one you've posted, however, that doesn't mean it's universally recognized or true.
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought by the United States against the United Kingdom and Ireland. Although the American Revolution had occurred her, Great Britain was still restricting the United States in small ways, especially its navy and sea force. The last battle was the battle of New Orleans, led by Andrew Jackson, who was later to become president, but was renown for his military skill and this boosted the American morale and ultimately restored it.
Life is a cycle of death and rebirth in which a person can be born into a higher cast if he leads a good life.