<span>Social Darwinian is </span>the theory that individuals, groups, and people are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.
Answer:
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Answer:
The spread and influence of Islamic culture was dramatically curtailed by Abdal-Rahman's 732 C.E./A.D. defeat at the:
A) Battle of Tours
Explanation:
Umayyad Caliphate was considered one of the greatest caliphates in Islamic history. In the 7th century, they dominated the Mediterranean and took over the remain of Roman and Persian Empires. In 711, the Umayyad invaded and conquered Spain, which brought Islamic culture into the Europe.
As Islam started to spread in Europe, the de facto rule of Francia (France), Charles Martel, decided to build his own army, so he could fight this threat. The Caliph of Umayyad's at that time, Abdal-Rehman, didn't know about this.
Charles Martel caught Abdal-Rehman and his army off-guard, near the place of Tours, and charged on them, which resulted in a defeat for the Umayyad Caliphate. This battle was named as Battle of Tours.
If Abdal-Rehman would have won, the majority of the world would have been Muslim. His defeat stopped the spread of Islam in Europe
The shang dynasty made many contributions to chinese civilization but four in particular define the dynasty: the invention of writing, the development of a stratified government, the advancement of bronze technology, and the use of the chariot and bronze weapons in warfare.
