Plants’ nonspecific immune responses includes cell-surface receptors (pattern recognition proteins) which allow them to identify certain patterns characteristic for pathogens. Activated receptors trigger the production of chemical signals that may initiate both local and systemic defense responses. Sometimes when a plant is affected by infection, it triggers rapid localized programmed cell death to stop the infection further. When it comes to defense form the herbivores, plants have physical barriers (plant cell walls and their extensions), some antibiotic compounds (phytoalexins), and even enzymes that can defend them.
Convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in the transfer of heat.
I think the correct answer among the choices listed above is option B. For photoperiodism to occur, a plant must use a phytochrome. This is a pigment that plants use to detect light. It is sensitive to light in the red region. Hope this answers the question.
Answer:
The Full Moon Phase
Explanation:
After 14 days, the moon is 180 degrees away from the Sun, with the Sun, Earth and Moon, forming a straight line. The moon would completely be illuminated by the Sun. Hence, this is called the “full moon phase.” This is the only time during the entire month when the Earth's shadow could be close to the moon.
