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Xelga [282]
3 years ago
14

Exercise 19-9 Income statement under absorption costing and variable costing LO P1, P2 IThe following information applies to the

questions displayed below.J Cool Sky reports the following costing data on its product for its first year of operations. During this first year, the company produced 44,000 units and sold 36.000 units at a price of $140 per unit. Manufacturing costs 60 Direct materials per unit Direct labor per unit 22 Variable overhead per unit $528,000 Fixed overhead for the year Selling and administrative cost Variable selling and administrative cost per unit 105,000 Fixed selling and administrative cost per year
Business
1 answer:
ivolga24 [154]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

When you are calculating variable costing, COGS only includes variable costs. All fixed costs are included as period costs at the end. Fixed costs are not carried forward either.        

             <u> Income Statement (variable costing) - J Cool Sky</u>

total sales $140 x 36,000 units sold =                                   $5,040,000

variable COGS                                                                        ($3,240,000)

variable direct costs ($60 + $22) x 36,000 = ($2,952,000)

<u>variable overhead ($8 x 36,000)                       ($288,000)                       </u>        

manufacturing margin                                                              $1,800,000

<u>variable administrative and selling costs ($11 x 36,000) =     ($396,000)  </u>  

contribution margin                                                                   $1,404,000

fixed costs                                                                                  ($633,000)

fixed overhead =                                               ($528,000)

<u>administrative and selling =                              ($105,000)                           </u> 

net income                                                                                    $771,000

In order to prepare the income statement using absorption costing, we must first determine COGS = [(total variable manufacturing costs + total fixed manufacturing costs) / total output] x units actually sold

COGS = {[($60 + $22 + $8) x 44,000] + $528,000} / 44,000] x 36,000 = [($3,960,000 + $528,000) / 44,000] x 36,000 = $102 x 36,000 = $3,672,000

          <u> Income Statement (absorption costing) - J Cool Sky</u>

total sales $140 x 36,000 units sold =                                   $5,040,000

<u>COGS                                                                                      ($3,672,000)</u>

gross profit                                                                                $1,368,000

variable administrative and selling costs $11 x 36,000 =       ($396,000)    

<u>fixed administrative and selling costs                                      ($105,000)</u>

net income                                                                                  $867,000

The difference between both accounting methods is that variable costing includes all fixed manufacturing costs during the period and the ending inventory is carried forward only at a lower cost since it only includes variable costs. Absorption costing calculates ending inventory using the total fixed costs, that is why COGS is lower.

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Answer:

1. $ 129,352,725

2. Jan 1 2016

Jan 1 2016

Dr Cash $ 129,352,725

Dr Discount on issue of bonds $20,647,275

Cr Bonds payable $150,000,000

3. June 30, 2016

Dr Interest expense $8,188,243

Cr Discount on bonds payable $688,243

Cr Cash $7,500,000

4. December 31, 2023

Dr Interest expense $8,188,243

Cr Discount on bonds payable $688,243

Cr Cash $7,500,000

Explanation:

1. Calculation to Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2016

First step is to find Present value of an ordinary annuity of $1: n = 30, i = 6% (PVA of $1) using ordinary annuity table

Present value of an ordinary annuity of $1: n = 30, i = 6% (PVA of $1)

Present value of an ordinary annuity of $1=13.76483

Second step is to find the Present value of $1: n = 30, i = 6% (PV of $1)

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Interest $ 103,236,225

[(10%/2 semiannually*$150,000,000) *13.76483]

Add Principal $26,116,500

($150,000,000 *0.17411 )

Present value (price) of the bonds $ 129,352,725

($ 103,236,225+$26,116,500)

Therefore the Price of the bonds at January 1, 2016 will be $ 129,352,725

2. Preparation of the journal entry to record their issuance by Universal Foods on January 1, 2016.

Jan 1 2016

Dr Cash $ 129,352,725

($ 103,236,225+$26,116,500)

Dr Discount on issue of bonds $20,647,275

($150,000,000-$ 129,352,725)

Cr Bonds payable $150,000,000

(Being to record issue of Bond)

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June 30, 2016

Dr Interest expense $8,188,243

($7,500,000 + $688,243)

Cr Discount on bonds payable $688,243

($20,647,275 ÷ 30)

Cr Cash $7,500,000

(10%/2 × $150,000,000)

(Being to record interest paid)

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December 31, 2023

Dr Interest expense $8,188,243

($7,500,000 + $688,243)

Cr Discount on bonds payable $688,243

($20,647,275 ÷ 30)

Cr Cash $7,500,000

(10%/2× $150,000,000)

(Being to record interest paid)

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