The approach that Jill and her friend is doing the motivation
and reward system. In this system, a set
of goal is being targeted and a reward is being accomplished after reaching the
goal. In this case, Jill and her friend reward themselves by getting a gift or
doing a leisure activity.
His confidence is a reflection of his "Self-efficacy".
Self-efficacy is characterized as an individual judgment of "how well one can execute strategies required to manage planned situations". Expectations of Self-efficacy decide if an individual will have the capacity to show adapting conduct and to what extent exertion will be supported despite obstacles. Individuals who have high Self-efficacy will apply adequate exertion that, if first rate, prompts effective results, though those with low Self-efficacy are probably going to stop exertion early and fail.
Lobbying, any attempt by individuals or private interest groups to influence the decisions of government; in its original meaning it referred to efforts to influence the votes of legislators, generally in the lobby outside the legislative chamber.
The capital which is Cairo