When participants change their behavior based on perceived expectations from the observer, it is called observer-expectancy effect.
<h3>What is the observer-expectancy effect in psychology?</h3>
The experimenter may gently convey to the participants their expectations for the study's outcome, leading them to change their conduct to match those expectations.
<h3>When does the research hypothesis knowledge of observers affect what they record?</h3>
When an observer's understanding of the proposed theory affects how they record their observations Participants who alter their behavior in response to perceived expectations from observers are said to be When individuals alter their actions in response to another person's presence.
<h3>How might cognitive bias be introduced into a study by the experimenter?</h3>
There are various ways the experimenter can add cognitive bias into a study. The experimenter may quietly convey to the participants their expectations for the study's conclusion, leading them to change their behavior to match those expectations. This is known as the observer-expectancy effect.
<h3>What is Vroom Expectancy Theory (VET)?</h3>
One of the theories relating to the process of motivation is Vroom's Expectancy Theory. It is predicated on the notion that people think that their efforts will result in the consequences they want. The person believes they can perform because of their experience. Finally, they focus their efforts on results that will help them achieve their goals.
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The sole purpose of the convention in Philadelphia was to amend the league of states and the first form of government established by the Articles of Confederation and many of its supporters, including Alexander Hamilton of New York.
The original idea from the beginning to establish a new form of government rather than amend the existing one.
George Washington, a former Continental Army commanding general during the late American Revolutionary War and supporter of a more powerful national government, was chosen by the participants to preside over the convention. The United States Constitution was born as a consequence of the convention, making it one of the most important moments in American history.
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Answer:
D) The necesary and proper Clause
Explanation:
Maryland (1819), correctly interpreted the word “necessary” in the Necessary and Proper Clause to mean convenient or useful, not indispensable. Every creation or reorganization of federal departments throughout American history had to be “necessary” for carrying out powers granted to the federal government.
The concept of limited government states the idea that the government and government officials are not above the law. So the correct option that matches the above statement is A.
Limited government refers that the law supersedes any authority, and only the lawmaker or Supreme Court has the sole authority to make changes in the law.
<h3>Rules of law</h3>
- It has been seen that there have been various cases that were filed on the government or on the working of the government offices like police authorities in which the government lost.
- The concept of limited government states that the law is above all the authorities, irrespective of their position in the democracy. If a criminal wrong is punishable, it will be punishable for all.
- Rule of law also states that no one including superior authorities like a President, Minister, central or state government is as good as a normal individual in the eyes of the law.
Hence, the correct option is A that the rule of Limited government states that the government and the government officials are not above the law.
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