I don't know if this will help but I did a little research and found this-
"A fundamental understanding of the different components of soil organic matter is required to best use it to improve farming systems. Total organic carbon forms are derived from the decomposition of plants and animals. They are capable of decay or are the product of decay..."
He was looking through a microscope at particles trapped in cavities inside pollen grains in water. The concept of Brownian motion is named after him. This is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, liquid or gas resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules. Here, the patterns of motion of the particles are typically alternations between random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub-domain with a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the new closed volume.
Answer:
TNF-alpha is expressed as a homotrimer that exerts its activities through binding to two types of receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by having an extracellular domain with 4 cysteine-rich domains (CRD 1-4) , each with 3 cysteinecysteine disulfide bonds.
Explanation:
TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which has the characteristic of being a paracrine signaling ligand, is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a mediator of immune regulation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in some cell types. Receptors in this family are involved, with some exceptions, in juxtacrine signaling; that is, both the ligand and the receptor are membrane proteins with extracellular domains through which signaling is established. The cellular responses promoted by TNF are initiated by its interaction with two different types of cell receptors, the type I receptor (55 kDa) and the type II receptor (75 kDa). Both types of receptors are part of the TNF receptor family, members of which include Fas antigen (apoptosis inducer, also called Apo-1 or CD95), CD27 (T-cell activation antigen), CD30 (lymphoma marker Hodgkin) and CD40 (B-cell antigen), which share the characteristic of cysteine-rich sequences in their extracellular domains. This family of cytokines generate cellular responses that include differentiation, proliferation, activation of NFκB and cell death, promoting the aggregation of receptor monomers, that is, they have a transmembrane domain that participates in the solubilization of the receptor and a domain of intracellular death that is involved in signal transduction. The binding of TNF to TNF-R1 induces a signaling cascade through its intracellular death domain, which subsequently leads to the activation of complex I (or inflammatory) of NFkB and proceeds to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, pro- inflammatory diseases and apoptosis complex II (caspases).
Rainforest plants have evolved waxy coatings on their leaves that allows moisture to drip off them. their roots are shallow to help them gather nutrients from the surface of the ground or directly from other plants.
