The first level consumer would get 50 units of energy
at each level of consumers it goes down by 10%
A volatile acid can leave the solution and enter the atmosphere
Because it is polar and it is to large to cross the membrane and because the concentration gradients are to strong so they have to be diffused.
hope it helps
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Advantages of using solar energy are pollution-free, noise-free, on installation it produces free energy, clean and renewable. Disadvantages include high cost, energy dependent on sunlight exposure, power stations are expensive to build and devices powered by solar energy cannot be used at night
