The movement in phloem is bidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward).
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The dependent variable would be B, whether or not the men develop baldness.
Natural selection doesn't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior. Instead, it favors traits that are beneficial (that is, help an organism survive and reproduce more effectively than its peers) in a specific environment. Traits that are helpful in one environment might actually be harmful in another.
(one again, I hope this helps ^^)
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Population trend refers to changes over time and can include changes in ranging behavior (e.g., distance and route) and distribution, biogeography (e.g., size of population) and life-history (e.g., birth and death rates).
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minerals (calcium and phosphorus)