Answer:
Reciprocal altruism is one of the altruism behaviors in which an individual organism helps in increasing the fitness of another organism by reducing the fitness of itself temporarily in expectation of the same behavior from another organism in the future later.
It takes place in the same set of organism partners which is a continuous interaction ion in stable groups of organisms.
Thus, the correct answer would be - an ongoing interaction in the same set of partners.
Eu means true therefore it is known as eubacteria
The white adipose serves as the body's chief storage site for lipids.
The body only uses the amount of nutrients and energy it needs to function, any excess after that is what is stored in the adipose tissue. Lipids are stored in the body in different forms such as, triglycerides, fat cells, cell membranes and lipoproteins. Adipose tissue, or fat, is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.
Answer:
The correct answer would be phenotypic variation.
Phenotype refers to observable traits or characteristics of an individual. For example, height, color, shape, et cetera.
Phenotypic variation refers to the sum total of variations in characteristics within populations of the same species.
In contrast, genotypic variation refers to the sum total of variations (such as allele frequency) present in the genome of populations of the same species.
<span>The answer is
4 . The population will begin to decrease to depletion of resources and increased competition. This will cause an increase in death rate of the paramecium population as compared to birth rate. This phase follows the latent phase where the population remains the same over time as the population reaches carrying capacity and the birth rate equals death rate</span>
