Covalent bond (molecular bond): a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
1. Non-polar covalent bond: the electrons are shared equally between atoms
ex: CH₄ (methane)
2. Polar covalent bond: the electrons are not shared equality between atoms
ex: H₂O (water)
Ionic bond: a chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges
ex: NaCl (sodium chloride)
To know the difference between ionic and covalent bonding, one must first understand the chemical difference between sharing electrons and being attracted by charges to one another.
Every atom wants to fulfill the octet rule, or, getting to a stable 8 electrons in its outermost shell. (Having 8 valence electrons)
Atoms in covalent bonds do this by sharing electrons. A good analogy to express this would be if there was a toy that we both wanted, but there was only one of them. Instead of you or I having it to ourselves, we would share. This is what atoms in covalent bonds do.
Atoms in ionic bonds do this by transferring electrons. Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains an electron (becoming chloride). This is like you taking the toy to yourself. Now because sodium is now a positive ion and chloride is a negative ion, the two come together because opposite charges attract.
I really hope this helps!
Best wishes!:)
The level of cell organization from the simplest to the most complex.
1) cellular level
2) tissue level
3) organ level
4) system level
5) organism level.
Actually there are 12 levels of organization from the simplest to the most complex.
1) molecule
2) cell
3) tissue
4) organ
5) system
6) organism
7) species
8) population
9) community
10) ecosystem
11) biome
12) biosphere
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A somatic mutation cannot be passed down generations. The mutation has to be in the gamete (egg or sperm) to be inherited by the offspring. This can occur when the pre-gametic cells incur a mutation during development into a gamete.
The level of protein X in these patients will be low due to degradation in the proteasome. Ubiquitnation process occur when ubiquitin is attached to a particular protein and the protein become deactivated. Ubiquitin is a small biochemical molecule which marks out proteins for destruction. Any protein that have ubiquitin attached to it will be transported to the proteasome for destruction by degradation.
