Parland’s alligator population has been declining in recent years, primarily because of hunting. Alligators prey heavily on a sp
ecies of freshwater fish that is highly valued as food by Parlanders, who had hoped that the decline in the alligator population would lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. Yet the population of this fish species has also declined, even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the decline in the population of the fish species?
(A) The decline in the alligator population has meant that fishers can work in some parts of lakes and rivers that were formerly too dangerous.
(B) Over the last few years, Parland’s commercial fishing enterprises have increased the number of fishing boats they use.
(C) The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.
(D) Many Parlanders who hunt alligators do so because of the high market price of alligator skins, not because of the threat alligators pose to the fish population.
(E) In several neighboring countries through which Parland’s rivers also flow, alligators are at risk of extinction as a result of extensive hunting.
(C) The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.
Explanation:
The ecosystems are complex systems, and removing one species of them, always has a chain reaction and affects the population of the other species, be it in a positive or negative manner. In this case, the alligators prey upon fish, multiple different species. The alligators though have been removed from the ecosystem, thus the apex predator exists no more. This has opened up the top predator niche in the food chain in this particular ecosystem. The predatory fish species had no predators of its own, so its population increased, thus it needed more food, and that food was obtained by hunting the other fish species, resulting in a decline in the population of the other species of fish. Only when the carrying capacity is reached in the ecosystem for the predatory fish, the population of the other fish will stop declining.
When a bear is unable to find meat it will have a much lower fat intake and this will limit its supply of essential fatty acids which affects the cell membrane and normal body functions.
Meats are good sources of proteins and fats and oil.
The fat and oil is processes by the bear in the digestive system into fatty acids.
Fatty acid are essential materials that are used in making the cell membrane.
The cell membrane is rich a phospholipid layer that keeps the shape of the cell intact.
When fatty acid is lacking, the cell will suffer and the cell membrane can collapse.
Aldehydes damage proteins and DNA of microbial organisms. They typically inhibits the growth of microbial organisms by causing alteration to proteins and DNA.
They cause damage to proteins ans are used as disinfectants.
The aldehydes generally cross link functional groups in proteins and short changes their structures.
Formalin is one example that is used to arrest bacteria growth and it is an aldehyde.
The example of biological macromolecules that rely on hydrogen bonding is protein, Nucleic Acid, and Poly Saccharides.
Hydrogen bonding is important in many chemical processes. They are responsible for determining the three-dimensional structure of folded proteins that includes enzymes and antibodies.
